Legalize or not legalize drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legalize or not legalize drugs - Essay ExampleThe characters have been selected appropriately, and each has a redeeming(prenominal) background of the topic of study. Through description of the characters, it is also evident, that some of them support the idea of rules to govern the use of drugs, while some do not. The woolgather is already equipped with all kinds of population, including doctors, teachers, engineers and others. Sergey tivov is ane of the occupants of the moon base, who is approximately 68 earth days and is a scientist of Russian origin. The youthfulness is still in him, and in addition, forms one of the people that propose the independence of the moon, not forgetting, he is the founder of moon greenhouse project stimulated by the bacteria he brought from the earth. He is obsess with drugs due to his previous work on earth, with the USSR, where he was developing how to control their enemies with Marijuana. He, therefore, has an experience in the field. Also in th e moon base is Rodger Smith, 65 years of earth. As much as he is not that youthful, people still owe him respect as he forms one of the respected people in the moon base. He is a former mayor and although, he supports the independence of the moon base he does not support the legality element of drugs, since the drugs that caused him to lapse his beloved one. With them is also Maria Santarosa, who also has enormous knowledge of the drugs, she is from Mexico where she escaped the execution of her parents who were opium growers. Her knowledge of how much the parents were making on the drug business, make her respond the idea of illegalizing some of the drugs, which has formed her main business in the moon base due to some of the seeds she stole form the parents before arriving on the moon base. ... With common interests, a strong relationship has been developed between her and Sergey to strengthen their ambitions. Among the other characters in the moon is also Jasper Hutchins, who fr om experience strongly denies legalizations of drugs. His family suffered from drug abuse, and in addition, was almost a prey to the drug abuse, when he engaged in the drug business after graduation. His appearance in the moon base is because of an thrust by Alpha, who guaranteed him a prosperous life and is even surprised when people are for the legalization of drugs. Magena is a 24 years old American source who forms part of the government in the moon base. Last, of all the noble characters is Watson, well equipped with the knowledge of computer and in spite of all has the ability to flummox solutions to various arising issues swiftly. The delve of the legality of drugs starts in an interesting humble tone, with brief background reminder of the previous meeting. In as much as the characters ability be treated as stereotypes from their background in drugs, their argument is healthy, considering some of them speak for their interest while, others speak from experience. The urge ncy of issues is made clear to people, creating emphasis that a decision needs to be arrived at before the end of the session. The argument forms a tag of war between the interests of the moon base occupants who want the debate through in order to detach themselves from the earth federation. With this in minds, Sergey brakes the ice by declaring legality of drugs based on the facts, that the moon base rescue cannot support itself once independent from the earth with the only surety to the economy being drugs. He furthers terms this a mutual relationship, as

The U.S. Policy toward Native Americans in the 19th Century Article

The U.S. Policy toward Native Americans in the 19th Century - Article ExampleSimilarly, hot seat Jackson instigated forced resettlement of Native American tribes from the South eastern to the west of the Mississippi River. He ensured the aggressive enforcement of the Indian Removal Act. On the other hand, in 1953, President Grant declared that if Native Americans were not forced upon Whites, they would be harmless and his most remarkable put to workivities as President include policies for the protection of African Americans and Native Americans in the West. His policies advocated for their education and wellbeing (Danzinger).Indian removal refers to the policy forced by the government of the United States for the relocation of Native American tribes from the east of the Mississippi River to its west. On the other hand, an Indian reservation refers to an area of land administered by Native American Tribes and by the end of the 19th century there were 300 reservations established i n the US. Some tribes ignored the relocation orders and forcing them back onto reservations resulted in a number of Native American massacres. The Indian allotment act allowed the President to divide reservations into separate lands for individual members. Its major aims were to civilize Native Americans and to acquire use of Native-American lands for non-Natives (Gunn) injure Knee was the last battle of American-Indian wars which occurred on declination 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota, the United States of America where, after the demise of Sitting Bull, General Custers old regiment go up about 350 Sioux. The Native Americans were asked by the soldiers to surrender their weapons. Around 300 Native Americans were murdered and their dead bodies were left to freeze on the ground (The Wounded Knee Massacre.).

Nursing practice and health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Nursing practice and health c ar - Essay ExampleHospitals stays are becoming shorter with the average affected role staying 6.1 days in the late 1990s for acute admittance, as compared to 11.3 days in the early 1970s (Department of Health, 2003a). The practices for the most ideal outcomes which enhance independent dungeon are constantly evaluated as to their appropriateness to modern day living. The issue of discharge and its effects on tolerants is critical to discuss as most patients desire to return to life as it was previous to their admission. Also, it is the post-modern aim of the NHS that service delivery focus on acute interest which is unable to be provided efficiently by other health care service organizations.This paper go away review the positive and negative impacts of hospital discharge on patients, their relatives, carers and health professionals. Secondly, local practices as experienced at placement at the Lewisham Hospital will be detailed. And the alignment of local practices with National Strategies will be identified. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesize the main points of the paper and demonstrate that decreasing in-hospital stays can have a positive effect on patients.The adult patient has many developmental tasks to meet, whatever their lifespan stage young adult, middle adult or older adult. The health of the adult client occurs along a health-illness continuum. Many factors will affect adult health genetic makeup, cognitive abilities and education level ethnicity and cultural dry land age, gender and developmental stage lifestyle and environment socio-economic background geographic area and their health promotion and maintenance (Brooker & Nichols, 2003 Hinchcliff, 2003). Obvious benefits to patients of shorter hospital stays include their savings as consumers of health care treatments and care, and that shorter stays are much preferred by patients in general. Clearly public and private savings on health care costs will occur collectible to shorter stays. Social costs for conditions such as Alzheimers can be 4 times as expensive in breast feeding homes as compared to home care service provision (Henderson, 2002). With informal care, as experienced with family or carers, the monthly costs per patient in 1996 were almost $1, 549. In contrast, the more formal or professional setting of a nursing home incurred costs of approximately $3, 130. Also the formal costs in association settings averaged $ 683 as most of community costs are informal, being met by relatives and caregivers. So that 98% of formal costs were actually billed and payable. Figures were established by multiplying the hours of care by the hourly wage rate for home health aids and personal care attendants.A Swedish study, as reported in Henderson (2002), made comparisons between costs per patient per day for elderly patients according to 1995 values and exchange rates, across different health delivery settings (hospital, nursing home and in- home care). The costs ranged from 627 for hospitalization to 164 in nursing homes, to 0 within their own home with a carer or relative. The results of the Swedish study are echoed by the National Services Framework (DH, 2001a). It is important that the patients command are met, that they be provided support to maximize their independence, and

The Effects of Space Exploration on Modern Society Essay Example for Free

The Effects of berth Exploration on Modern Society EssaySpace exploration has been change magnitude greatly in the last 50 years. It has allowed us to understand the greatness of the universe and the endless possibilities it offers us. Our planet, reason, is inhabited by approximately 6 billion humans. This is well oer our natural carrying capacity (the amount of resources there atomic number 18 to sustain our population) but with techniques such as farming, we get manipulated our resources to provide us with enough food, but climb up final results are needed. The Cold War was when the blank shell exploration significantly advanced, with the political competition between U. S.A and the U.S.S.R., where the two nations invested highly on technologies to see who could win the plaza-race. soppy satellites, a man made device that orbits around Earth or other planets, came along at about 1951, when the Russians launched Sputnik 1 into orbit around Earth. Since then, satellite s have developed technologically and straight off they are so widely used, that al some everyones benefiting from them in everyday life.Through space exploration, a lot has been learnt about Earth and space. When the Hubble Space Telescope was fully operational in 1993, it allowed us to observe our galaxy in ways that were impossible from Earth. Orbiting observatories such as the Advanced roentgenogram Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) and the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) also contributed to the study of the stars, galaxies and the structure of the universe. These have all brought back images of previously unknown galaxies and stars, and also have change magnitude our awareness of black holes. Several probes have been sent out from Earth, and collected information about the atmospheres of the planets in our solar system. Scientist and environmentalists have learnt a great mussiness about our planet. With the help of satellites, they can now easily run a risk facts about deforest ation, pollution, global warming and climates, giving mankind a broader understanding of our own planet.Space exploration has brought countless benefits to the people. Through the research of NASA , space exploration has indirectly provided us with Compact discs, special UV protection suits for people who can not be exposed to the sun and metal alloys which are now used for aeroplanes, sports equipment and trains. I believe that satellites have been the greatest compensation from the money invested in space exploration. There are currently over 2,200operational satellites orbiting the Earth, most of them, profiting the people. There are three types of satellites GPSs, Reconnaissance and Telecommunication satellites. Reconnaissance satellites are the ones that orbit most closely to the Earth, and are equipped with high resolution cameras. More sophisticated Reconnaissance satellites are the spy cameras, which can capture full motion pictures of the Earth.These types of satellites are also sometimes integrated with special sensors for heat, infra-red and ultra-violet these have very beneficial utilities such as for meteorology. Meteorological satellites have given us the king to telephone weather like never before. Not only is it used for people to know the future temperatures, its also very useful for navigational purposes for ships and aeroplanes, whos pilots can now travel through a safer routes. Another fantastic technology that satellites have given us is the GPS (Global Positioning System). The GPS provides the user with accurate information of their latitude, longitude and velocity, and it was initially intentional for military use, but the commerce has found various new applications for the GPS.If a car fitted with the GPS was to be stolen, the company can constantly monitor the location of the vehicle. well-nigh police cars now have GPSs, so in future emergencies, the station would be able to contact the closest police vehicle via radio. Telecommuni cation satellites carry by sending each other communicational signals, and therefore being able to send them to any part of the world. Mobile phones, modern television and the net profit all depend on telecommunication satellites.Third world countries very probably will oppose space exploration. The rich, who can invest, will only assume much money exploring space, increasing the bridge between the poor while the money could be invested on the development of our own Earth. Other who oppose space exploration could argue that the possible dangers that the unexplored space holds for us, could lead to deaths and losses if not approached with caution.The U.S. governments spends billions of Dollars annually on space exploration. While some of it is a unbowed necessity (i.e. satellites maintenance), I believe that it is mostly avoidable. The money spent on research of other planets could be redirected the problems in our world. Whygo searching for more space, when there is plenty to d o here? However, I believe that just the possible future advantages outweigh the drawbacks. Space exploration is a promising solution to the upcoming threat of over population. With the estimated figure of 9 billion humans on earth by the next three decades, mankind needs to find additional resources elsewhere. On the other hand, people may believe that controlling the population is a more viable solution than trying to support its increasing numbers. Space exploration has also provided us with technologies that save lives, such as the prediction of natural hazards such as hurricanes and typhoons.Space exploration has already special our life styles, simplifying complicated tasks and automating long tedious work. I believe that space exploration should definitely continue. Space holds danger, asteroids have hit earth before, and they will again. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. Space allows us to expand and succeed.Thats o ne small step for man, one fiend leap for mankind.

`The Next Los..` by Robert Gottlieb, Mark Vallianatos, Regina M. Free

The Next Los.. by Robert Gottlieb, Mark Vallianatos, Regina M. Freer, and Peter Dreier EssayHousing and confederacy development advocates in Los Angeles adopted a different approach in the late nine holds. They joined a broad-based spinal fusion in the difficult process of hammering out a multi-issue advancing agenda, and wherefore they worked together to pursue not just housing goals yet an array of policy recommendations related to parks and open space, transportation, cranch and race relations, and other cites not typically tackled by people focused on affordable housing. And their approach appeared to work L.A. subsequently created the nations largest municipal affordable housing swan fund and redrew its zoning ordinance to allow multifamily apartments above retail space on the broad boulevards crisscrossing the city. Robert Gottlieb, Mark Vallianatos, Regina M. Freer and Peter Dreier chart the growth and impact of this coalition in their enlightening recent apply, The Next Los Angeles The Struggle for a Livable City. The authors, scholar-activists from Occidental Colleges urban and environmental Policy ground, were at the center of the generally successful attempt to bring together a disparate array of activists and organizations in a unsanded civic left.At its most lively, this book provides an adroit insiders account of the construction of Progressive Los Angeles Network, or PLAN, and the development of a powerful labor-Latino bloc that provides modern L.A. with much of its softheartedness and soul. But the book offers readers to a greater extent, including details of a grassroots-driven progressive agenda and a revealing affectionate and policy-making history. This history, including the collapse of the old civic elite, the failure of top-down agenda stigmatizeting during the 1990s and the collapse of heavy industry, set the stage for a progressive revival in the late 1990s.The authors identify several key actors in this drama, n otably Jackie Goldberg, a reason city council member and current evidence legislator, who worked tirelessly to pull together various (and nightimes contrast) strands of the progressive community. But central to the narrative and to the line of descent of a muscular progressive movement was the overlapping emergence of a newly militant and Latino-led countywide labor movement with the early achievements of a new generation of Latino political leaders.Aided by longtime Los Angeles political journalist Harold Meyerson (a contributor to one chapter), the authors tell this story well, highlighting the ontogeny immenseness of service unions to the local labor movement the bold leadership of Miguel Contreras, head of the county labor federation until his death earlier this year and the entry of left-wing activists, including former labor organizers Gil Cedillo and Antonio Villaraigosa, into electoral politics.The authors dont shy away from discussing problems and challenges tied to the centrality of the labor-Latino alliance. They discuss, for example, the chasm between older Afri bathroom American leaders (such as Rep. Maxine Waters) and the new progressive movement, and the continuing battles between nationalists and progressives for leadership in the Latino community. But they are optimistic that alliance-oriented progressive politics can triumph over racial or ethnic nationalism in black and Latino politics.Unfortunately, the authors wrote before this years mayoral election provided the municipal left with a new set of challenges and opportunities. In a reversal of the 2001 outcome, Villaraigosa defeated James Hahn, a mainstream Democrat, in a runoff election. Villaraigosa, a long-time champion of the disadvantaged, won in part by building bridges to elements of the black leadership and parts of the white community that had opposed him before. The organized progressive coalition, however, split with the county federation of labor and some activists relief Hahn this time around.The incumbent, a mediocre mayor at trump, had delivered on key promises to the union movement, and Contreras and his allies returned the favor. They could not, however, deliver the votes, as large numbers of unionists stuck by Villaraigosa. How in effect the progressive alliance regroups will likely have a major impact on what Villaraigosa is able to accomplish as mayor, and it would be useful to be able to consider the authors perspective on these recent developments.Instead, Villaraigosas original high-profile bid for mayor provides a centerpiece to the book. The 2001 election drew attention to the growing capacity of Los Angeless municipal left. Running with the countenance of the county federation of labor (Contreras engineered the endorsement by the narrowest of margins) the big janitors, healthcare workers and hotel employees unions and an array of community organizations, the former speaker system of the state Assembly helped shift the citys policy d ebate to the left and in favor of previously marginalized populations.After Villaraigosas defeat, the citys progressive movement focused on pursuit of its agenda, moving the city to create the trust fund to finance affordable housing development and to tie approval for major development projects for example, Phase II of the Staples Center project to concessions on community benefits such as affordable housing, living-wage jobs, parks and other exoteric amenities. They also joined with the mayor and several of his union supporters in leading the campaign against San Fernando Valley and Hollywood secession. Ironically, these very successes would provide the reason for labor and some other members of the coalition to back Hahn in 2005.L.A.s progressives continued to work together in the wake of defeat because of a networking effort spearheaded by the authors Urban and Environmental Policy Institute, a role they downplay here. Acting as a secretariat, the institute helped pull togeth er PLAN, a coalition of labor unions, community groups, environmentalists, clergy, academics and others to meet the challenge of drafting a collective vision for the citys future. Reflecting on history, the authors write The growth of these movements created a critical mass of activism and support for a new progressive politics in Los Angeles. Missing, however, were the links between the different movements necessary to develop a broader, integrated perspective regarding the policy changes requisite to make the region more livable and democratic.PLAN largely succeeded in crafting a detailed agenda that addresses a range of housing, environmental, transportation and land use, labor, political and economic development issues, and in building a sense of commonality that had been missing in the progressive circles of Los Angeles. PLANs institutional future is uncertain, but its impact can still be felt. Last year, for example, many of the groups that were involved in creating PLANs age nda worked together to defeat a suffrage measure in the overwhelmingly black and Latino L.A. County city of Inglewood that would have exempted a Wal-Mart anchored retail development from established planning and regulatory processes.The Inglewood campaign showed maturing of the progressive coalition in the aftermath of the 2001 election. Most Copernican, it demonstrated the ability of African-American and Latino leaders and activists to bond together on an issue of common concern despite tensions in the recent past. Campaigns such as this suggest that a common agenda and shared vision will, in the end, prove more important to LAs progressives than short-term electoral differences.Despite the current challenges, Los Angeles offers a strategy for building and institutionalizing a civic left, one that housing advocates and other progressives can learn from, and The Next Los Angeles provides a good starting point for any serious student of forward-looking municipal politics.Los Angele ss history is a story of conflicting visions. Most historians, journalists, and filmmakers have focused on L.A. as a bastion of corporate greed, business boosterism, political corruption, cheap labor, use immigrants, and unregulated sprawl. The Next Los Angeles tells a different story that of the reformers and radicals who have struggled for alternative visions of social and economic justice.The authors chronicle efforts of progressive social movements that worked throughout the twentieth century to create a more livable, just, and democratic Los Angeles. These movementswhat the authors call Progressive L.A.have produced a new kind of labor movement, community-oriented environmentalism, and multi-ethnic coalition politics. This book shows how reformers have fought to transform a city characterized by huge economic disparities, concrete-encased rivers, and an endless landscape of subdivisions, freeways, and malls into a progressive model for regions around the country.The Next Los A ngeles includes a decade-by-decade historical snapshot of the citys progressive social movements and an in-depth exploration of key trends that are remaking L.A. at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It examines L.A.s changing political landscape, including grassroots initiatives to construct a new agenda for social transformation. At once a history, a policy analysis, and a road map for a progressive future, this book provides an exciting portrayal of a city on the cutting edge of many of the social, economic, and environmental changes sweeping across America.At its most lively, this book provides an intelligent insiders account of the construction of Progressive Los Angeles Network, or PLAN, and the emergence of a powerful labor-Latino bloc that provides progressive L.A. with much of its heart and soul. But the book offers readers more, including details of a grassroots-driving progressive agenda and a revealing social and political history. . . .The authors dont shy away from discussing problems and challenges . . . .A good starting point for any serious student of forward-looking municipal politics.James Goodno, San Francisco Chronicle Far and away the best single book for understanding the politics of Los Angeles.In light of that citys statewide influence, it is also a must read for those interested in the future of state politics. The books inspiring accounts of grassroots victories is perfect for getting activists in an upbeat mindset for the start of a new year. And that is something we all need.Randy Shaw, Beyondchron.org With this teeming account of its community and labor struggles, the city of angelsand apocalypsebecomes the city of hope.Barbara Ehrenreich, author of Nickel and Dimed On (Not) Getting By in America This wonderful book, with its evocations of LAs alternative histories, and its bold templates for social and environmental justice, is produce that the American Left is alive and well, especially in Southern California.Mike Davi s, author of Dead Cities A rare book combining history, analysis, strategy and a broadcast and it may well be carried out in this decade.Tom Hayden, former State Senator, Los AngelesThe authors Robert Gottlieb is Henry R. Luce prof of Urban and Environmental Policy and Director of the Urban and Environmental Policy Institute at Occidental College. Mark Vallianatos is Research Coordinator at the Urban and Environmental Policy Institute at Occidental College. Regina M. Freer is Associate Professor of Politics at Occidental College. Peter Dreier is E. P. Clapp Distinguished Professor of Politics and Director of the Urban and Environmental Policy Program at Occidental College. With this rich account of its community and labor struggles, the city of angelsand apocalypsebecomes the city of hope.Barbara Ehrenreich, author of Nickel and DimedThis wonderful book is proof that the American Left is alive and well, especially in Southern California.Mike Davis, author of Dead CitiesAn intellig ent insiders account of the construction of the Progressive Los Angeles Network, or PLAN, and the emergence of a powerful labor-Latino bloc that provides progressive L.A. with much of its heart and soul. A good starting point for any serious student of forward-looking municipal politics.James Goodno, San Francisco ChronicleFar and away the best single book for understanding the politics of Los Angeles.Randy Shaw, Beyondchron.orgWhile most historians, journalists, and filmmakers have focused on Los Angeles as a bastion of corporate greed, business boosterism, political corruption, cheap labor, exploited immigrants, and unregulated sprawl, The Next Los Angeles tells a different story that of the reformers and radicals who have struggled for alternative visions of social and economic justice. In a new preface, the authors reflect on the multitude momentum of L.A.s progressive movement, including the 2005 landslide victory of Antonio Villaraigosa as mayor.Robert Gottlieb is Henry R. Lu ce Professor of Urban and Environmental Policy and Director of the Urban and Environmental Policy Institute at Occidental College. Mark Vallianatos is Research Coordinator at the Urban and Environmental Policy Institute at Occidental College. Regina M. Freer is Associate Professor of Politics at Occidental College. Peter Dreier is E. P. Clapp Distinguished Professor of Politics and Director of the Urban and Environmental Policy Program at Occidental College.Works Cited.The Next Los Angeles by Robert Gottlieb, Mark Vallianatos, Regina M. Freer, and Peter Dreier

Adaptation Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Adaptation Evaluation EssayTom Bombadil Add sense of mysteriousness. Boromirs confession Proud, arrogant warrior The Spirit of LOTR Was it kept? Improvements. A in the raw power has arisen. All must unite or fall divided. This is the story of the lord of the sound. The ring of power, forged in secret by the dark headmaster Sauron contained all of the might, malice and power of the Dark Lord. Its wearer would be invisible and almost invincible, but it would corrupt the heart of any(prenominal)one who wore it. Lord of the Rings is a typical steady-going vs. evil story.This time, however, good is losing badly. The Dark Lords forces will soon overcome all of Middle Earth, but there is one glint of hope for the forces of Good. Because the Dark Lord Sauron make the ring of power, his life is bound to it. If Good can prevent defeat for long enough so that the ring can be destroyed, Sauron shall be overcome. However, the ring of power can only be destroyed where it was made deep in Saurons realm. This means that hope is in speed and secrecy, not force. A fellowship of the ring is formed and the quest is begun.The Lord of The Rings The Fellowship of the ring is the first part of the trilogy, which shows how the fellowship evades the servants of the Dark Lord and how the fellowship at last breaks. A mighty warrior, Boromir is a member of the fellowship. He is lured by the temptation of power and tries to steal the ring. He does not fully understand that the ring corrupts any wearer. He is then asked by other members of the fellowship as to whether he has done anything, but he refuses doing anything wrong due to his arrogance.In the film, the plot is changed so that Boromir does try to take the ring, but he confesses everything. This was a major change as Boromir is meant to be a proud and arrogant human the author J. R. R. Tolkien eer shows most humans as easily corrupted. A large omission was Tom Bombadil. He was a father of the forest type man who has po wers of metrical composition and looks after the ring bearer. Tolkien added him to add a sense of mysteriousness to Lord of the Rings nobody knew who he was or where he came from. This was missed out in the film.Characters resembling him really did help the spirit of Lord of the Rings. Form one point of view the film did not keep the spirit of Lord of the Rings at all. Parts were missed out and some of the film seemed like a traditional Good vs. Bad film the beauty of Tolkien was that he took well know types of contain and added a slight change, but meant that the whole plot would be different. For example, in the Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins goes on a quest to retrieve dwarven treasure. However, he does not penury to go and as a result ends up doing a better job of getting the treasure than if he had wanted the treasure.This is the reason why memory the spirit of Lord of the Rings is so important, Lord of the Rings is unique. However, the film of Lord of the Rings has kept a large part of the spirit. It swings my emotions better than the book did and each character looked almost exactly as I imagined them to be. Because films need a great plot to be good, the director (Peter Jackson) has taken the good split and made them great he has really concentrated on the right parts. The film however was a bit too different from the book at times and too close at others.For example, there is an Im dead, oh no Im not scene part which was fine in the book, but should have been changed in the film. some other change that should have taken place was the fact that elves are shown as a dying any fading race in the Lord of the Rings film. In the book, elves couldnt die and the elves simply were leaving the land, not dying out. This was probably shown to make humans seem better. In conclusion, the Lord of the Rings film made great use of an excellent plot and unusual story. I think that the film was very good, but there was a small amount of way of life for improvement.

Wardens Five Rings | Overview and Analysis

Wardens Five Rings Overview and AnalysisWardens Five Rings theory is a good example real by Col. crapper Warden. It was first applied in a real struggle setting in the 1991 Gulf war incorporated in the available Thunder offensive scheme. It was the key theory that defined Operational Thunder strategy as it was known for Ameri stern Air Power in defeating Iraq melodic phrase force. The concept of the basketball team ring model revolves around five major areas of interest that mustiness be attacked and weekend sufficiently forwards enemy forces endure be (Warden, 1995).The five various levels are like rings of areas of influence that revolve around the core area which is leadership. The areas of influence as defined in the model have various intrinsic importances from each other and present unique values for an enemy to attack. In this model the notion advanced is that a military incursion in an enemy environment should st invention outwards (Warden, 1995). The idea is to peel the various layers that revolve around the core which is the leadership until at last the enemy is left vulnerable and captured. Once leadership is captured then the enemy has f solelyen and is captured.The Leadership at the centre of the model refers to the top organ of the enemy. The other areas are field military, infrastructure, population and system essentials. Field military force is the outer level that the enemy has put in place. It is the first level that must be overcome which is the enemy army. The second outer level is the civilian population of the enemy secern this too must be subdued and control guide. after population the target shifts to infrastructure that will derail efficient function of the enemy further. Second last level from the core is the system essential which refers to all the sectors that support and drive the overall enemy state such as economy (Warden, 1995).The five rings system theory is considered one of the most splendid military theories a dvanced so far. Its importance is in its ability to inform a regular nest that is coordinated to subdue an enemy. In this regard it good deal be roled to compile a list of specific military target. Choice of important enemy targets are identified using a predefined modeling and does not depend on speculation of the relative advantages presented by each (Warden, 1995). This is because by defining the levels of influence the associated sectors and areas can be clearly identified as well. And more importantly the military strategists are able to use a system formula to map out important enemy to targets (Warden, 1995).The Cuban projectile crisis is a historical moment and one of those few instances that the five ring model could not be applied as tactical military strategy among the Russians or the Cubans. The nature in which Cuban missile crisis unfolded was bound to involve the unify States forces and more than one country, both Russia and Cuba (Allison, Graham and Zelikow, 199 9). The situation was even extend since both countries were contemplating use of nuclear weapons which was at the he blind of the Cuban missile crisis.Indeed any vogue military offensive that would have involved Russian and United States would have been like the crash of the titans. The situation was triggered by the United States satellite evidence that Russia was actively deploying nuclear capability technology and installing it in Cuba backyard in secrecy (Allison et al, 1999). Earlier on United States had increased its military presence in Europe in what Russia could have interpreted to be a threat to its existence. However diplomacy and huge degree of restraining prevailed that averted the nuclear missile crisis at the time.What is clear though is that even The 5 ring model would not have been able to be applied at a military offensive where nuclear weapon was the choice of weapons. Indeed the military brains that had advance the systematic process presented in the 5 ring mod el had never contemplated even once the idea that nuclear missile would ever be used in modern world military solutions, despite the vast numbers of nuclear stockpiles that America and Russia have. This is because the five ring model subdivides any military offensive to five distinct stages (Allison et al, 1999).But its a fact that use of even a single nuclear missile in enough to subdue an enemy state beyond measure. Moreover, causing an impact across all the five levels of any country to be paralyzed. Indeed it is the reason wherefore at the height of the crisis the United States omitted a preemptive attack on Cuba due to the remote chances that a single missile might survive the attack which then Cuba would certainly use on them. Besides all this, it would have meant that United States wage war against two hostile countries at the same time which would have limited their preciseness to respond. It is therefore unlikely that the 5 ring model would have been used in Cuban crisis.H owever in Vietnam War the five ring model could be applied to guide military offensive. In Vietnam War the United States was fighting in support of South Vietnam against North Vietnam. But the U.S was disadvantaged in a position of weakness due to the huge Northern Vietnamese army comparable to South Vietnamese army. In addition the South Vietnam commie affiliate were powerful and provided important military support to the offensive. The U.S therefore resorted to the 5 ring model against their military offensive in Vietnam which was instrumental in their succeeder during the war Vietnam.The gulf war that occurred in the 1991 is another example where the 5 ring model was successfully used in subduing the Iraq forces and the subsequent victory in the region. Soon after Iraq invaded Kuwait the United Nations recommended military solution. This saw a coalition force put together which applied combination of firepower and ground phalanx that advanced in Iraq. This military advance tar geted Iraq sectors that had significance value to the country which after their capture led to the ceasefire. Use of the 5 ring model approach in the war enabled the Iraq vital economic sector destruction through sustained firepower (Bard and Mitchell, 2009).Gulf war is one of the wars that saw a lot of allies especially those affiliated to the U.S participate in the Iraq attack. In deciding to intervene for Kuwait the reasons for United States were vested in its own interest. One Kuwait was a major oil exporter to the U.S, therefore U.S feared that war would destabilize the region and cause scarcity of oil in the region. Secondly U.S had allies in the region specifically Saudi-Arabian Arabia that now felt threatened by the expanding influence of Iraq which it felt that it needed to be curtailed. Lastly it was important that Iraq dont get to control a huge berth of the oil reserve in the region or indeed be a force of influence in the gulf peninsula, which would have happened had i t occupied Kuwait.In the aftermath of the war the cost of the military offensive was mainly paid by the Saudi Arabia to a total of $40 billion of the total $60billion that the war had cost. There was minimal American causalities 295 deaths due to the range of coalition forces that participated. In summary the gulf war provided the United States forces with a military experience in the region and was a successful venture. That America continues to cash on presently in more than one way.ReferencesAllison, Graham and Zelikow, P (1999). Essence of Decision Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis New York Longman Publishers.Bard, Mitchell. (2009). The Gulf War. Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved April 18, 2010, from http//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Gulf_War.htmlBlum, William. The Vietnam War and The United States Lessons. Retrieved April 18, 2010, from (1995) http//www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/htmlWarden, J., A. (1995). Air Theory for the twenty-first Century. Battlefi eld of the Future 21st Century Warfare Issues. United States Air Force. Air and Space Power, 343. Retrieved April 18, 2010, from http//www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/battle/chp4.htmlWayne Thiebauds craft Style EssayWayne Thiebauds Art Style EssayWayne Thiebaud is an artist that has been associated with the set out Art culture and likewise was part of the realism that came out of the United States west coast. Thiebauds real life representation of his subject has been seen as one of many another(prenominal) beginnings photorealism. Before becoming a headstoneer, Thiebaud ploughed in New York City as a sign painter and also as a cartoonist. He completely began to paint in 1949, incorporating skills from his former occupations. Thiebaud is best known for the paintings that are associated with the production line of objects that can be found in diners and cafeterias, such as pies and pastries and others objects of common land e trulyday life.The Neapolitan Pie that I found in the Norton Museum embodies the proficiencys that he often used in his paintings. This painting with its thick paint adding to the depth and character led me to want to learn about the artist behind it. Thiebaud chose to celebrate and embrace the delights of the common place and rendered his realistic paintings with a brilliant eye for abstraction. Thiebauds painting technique can be described as a cookbook chronicling those that have added sizzle, seasoning or even sprinkle to its prolific palette What he valued to set out to do was to create a different visual species, which he described as being the ultimate accomplishment for all painters. Thiebaud says that art needs constant lawsuit of different aspects of itself in order to stay alive. He also states that art draws inspiration from everything around it. He is not shitless of showing in his paintings aspects from other artists who inspired him, My world is one crime I steal from every artist around the world. This may be why Thiebaud completely followed artists that were before him and also artists who were painting in his time period. Wayne Thiebaud had many artists in Abstract Expressionism and artists from Pop Art that he gathered techniques from. There were chaste time periods that he borrowed aspects from and combined with others to produce his own characteristic style. In this paper I will describe all these aspects and how their combination gave rise to the far-famed fetch we know Wayne Thiebaud for today.Thiebaud was a realist painter and painted at a time between Abstract Expressionism transaction and the Pop Art era. His growth as an artist started from when he was a young child and as a teenager made poster designs and on stage sets for theatre. Thiebaud worked at Universal Studios and also as an illustrator for the advertising department in New York. He later earned a degree from California State College in Sacramento and this was where he learned and became fond of the fine a rts. After this he began to study art history books intensively and the paintings in them, including the transitions in the kit and boodle from period to period. Thiebaud, while working, became friends with and kindle in the whole kit and caboodle of art from Willem De Kooning and Franz Kline who were abstract expressionist painters. This was a American post World War II art movement. the predecessor of this art movement is surrealism, which features elements of surprise and unexpected juxtapositions. Willem De Kooning also was involved with action painting, whose characteristics are spontaneous, splashed, or smeared onto a canvas. Kooning states, People are always trying to break the backs of paintings by expecting things which paintings cannot doits fairish a painting. A God damned painting. Just a little thing you smear stuff on. You just hope in the smearing that you havent insulted people that youre petition to look at it. This statement was a great influence in shaping th e thoughts of Thiebaud. He saw this as a quintessential idea for producing works of artBy the early 1960s the paintings he had produced now began to gain tension, balance, and grace. He placed the forms first and objects were pushed forward and put in a applicable order. He had been fashioning statements like this with his Neapolitan Pie for years before others further was packed together with other artists in the Pop Art period when the movement surfaced. Pop Art was a tradition that challenged the artwork at that time and wanted to show that anything the artist used, which was of mass-production of popular culture could can be connected with fine art. It was widely seen as a reaction and expansion of the dominant ideas of abstract realism, which was a spontaneous or subconscious creation. Pop Art does not refer directly to the art that they made, but the ideas that moved the whole movement itself. During this time, Thiebaud also saw works of art from the earliest pop artists R obert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns whose paintings were based on Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art. What Thiebaud did was abandoned most of the ideas that Pop Art committed itself to and react against it, which is surprising since he was seen as a vital part to this period. The work that Thiebaud produced is described as nostalgic views of popular culture and the American scene with which viewers of all kinds can easily identify. Most paintings in the Pop Art period were more intimidating for those viewing the work in museums and sometimes were too harsh to appreciate. What Thiebaud said was I am not a shake carrying Pop artist I dont like some(prenominal) of it. Pop to him was more of a business than an operation of honorable painting and he had too much respect for the original products that they played off of to be a part of Pop Art. So while this art period was taking off Thiebaud mulish that he was going to move on and became a professor at U-C Davis.Another influence of Wa yne Theibaud was of Abstract Expressionism, which was going on in the time he produced work, and can be seen in the thick brushstrokes and bold use of colour which was a constant theme in his works. Thiebaud began to paint images based on pabulum that he would see displayed in windows, focusing not on what he was painting but more on the shape of the objects. What impacted his painting this way was his inclination for simple objects, borrowing aspects of layouts for ads that he did while working as a cartoonist and sign painter. His simplicity to his designs could be understood and recognized as a method that he took into his paintings. This would also be around the 1960s and Thiebaud wanted to show depictions of the everyday American life while showing a rude(a) approach to art, representational art. Artists such as Stuart Davis and his Odol Bottle and Gerald Murphy and his Safety Razor were visions of the coming pop culture era even before Thiebaud began to paint work that would fit into it. As Thiebaud continued to work influences from other artists could be seen in his work like the paintings of Giorgio Morandi like his Still Life. Thiebaud long admired Giorgios work for their contemplative quiet, the palpable sense of protracted looking that they convey, and their delicate, varied effects achieved with seemingly minimal means. The influence of this was not just in how Thiebaud structured his work, but also by how he manipulated the light and the slow moving strokes to enhance the form of the object. This aspect of manipulating light also was something he used in his signs and works, making a shadow where there is none to draw the eye to areas that there would be none and giving the work depth. This aspect was also borrowed from the tromp loeil (fool the eye) painter John Peto, who painted the Letter Rack, who also was said to have an influence on Thiebaud. Due to this influence, Thiebaud would never have any space of where the object would leave the f oliate it would be represented in its entirety showing the readers that it would not be real. He would arrange the object in his painting into a shallow space and used shadows, as previously stated, to suggest some form of depth without there actually being any depth tromp loeil.The Neapolitan Pie and all the works Thiebaud has produced had notable influences from his background and artists whom he studied and who had an influence on what he produced. Thiebaud had a way of dragging his paint across his canvas in a smooth way that would enhance the luscious textures of oil and transform itself into the very object that he was trying to portray. This, by the artists, refers to object transference and roots can also be traced to Morandi, but also in artists such as Joaquin Sorolla. He painted objects that are common placed around any individual as those of Stuart Davis and Gerald Murphy. Thiebaud had a strong inclination in painting common objects much earlier than those of the Pop cu lture movement. When Thiebaud first began to paint these common objects though he found it humorous and channeled his cartoonist abilities with his row of piesWhen I painted the first row of pies, I can remember sitting and laughing sort of a silly relief Now I have flipped out The one thing that allowed me to do that was having been a cartoonist. I did one and thought, Thats really crazy, but no one is going to look at these things anyway, so what the heck.However with all of his pastry paintings he handled the paint in a way that makes his work very distinctive. His paintings bring forth a realism of complete visual delight. He made anew the representational subject matter with a bold palette and used his skillful display of brushwork acquired from the Abstract Expressionists he admired.Wayne Thiebaud copied from the masters because he respected art so much that he wanted to learn from those greats that came before him. What he did was add his own style to it so as to expand on what he learned into a different category, so as to be seen in a new light. He delighted in the works of other art periods like Abstract Expressionism and Realism and saw it as an take note to study an be apart of the art movement. He rejected the ideas of the Pop Art movement that he was classified in because he respected the art work they ridiculed too much to make a mockery of it. He was said as feeling honoured that he was able to apply himself and that he became a force in the artistic movement that is still evolving today. His work will forever be a staple and used as a pawn for artist that come behind him to study learn from and elaborate on.