And Then There Were None :: And Then There Were None

And afterward There Were None   I as of late read a puzzle book by the name of And afterward There Were None by Agatha Christie. I read this book since I have perused different books by Agatha Christie that were truly composed.           Ten individuals are welcome to an island, called Indian Island, by letters that were marked by individuals they had met previously. At the point when they got to the island, they discovered that their host, U.N.Owen, had not shown up yet. At supper, they heard a voice, blaming each for them of a homicide, which they were all liable of. After one of them is executed, concurring to the primary section of a sonnet that is encircled over each of their beds called Ten Little Indians, they make sense of that the killer is one of them! As more individuals are slaughtered off, individually, the gathering limits the presume list down, until just one is left alive however she calculated that she could never get off the islan at any rate, and she hung herself from the roof by putting a noose  around her neck and kicking the seat away on which she was standing, however she was not the executioner.           One of the puzzles to this book was, obviously, who executed the entirety of the guiltless individuals. Another riddle was that each time someone else was killed somewhat indian figure would vanish from the edges of a serving plate. One more secret was that each murder followed, all together, the well known sonnet Ten Little Indians, which peruses:   Ten minimal Indian young men went out to feast; One chocked his self and afterward there were nine. Nine Indian young men sat up extremely late; One slept in himself then there were eight. Eight Indian young men going in Devon; One said he'd remain there then there were seven. Seven Indian young men cleaving up sticks; One cleaved himself in equal parts then there were six. Six Indian young men playing with a hive; A honey bee stung one then there were five. Five Indian young men going in for law; One got in Chancery then there were four. Four Indian young men venturing out onto the ocean; A distraction gulped one then there were three. Three Indian young men strolling in the zoo;

The Role of Sacred Space in Judeo-Christian Religions Essay -- Religio

The Role of Sacred Space in Judeo-Christian Religions Certain physical areas take on significant implications in the world’s religions. Religions consider different geographic components, for example, various urban communities, areas, mountains, and streams to be sacrosanct. For instance, Hindus travel to the Ganges River to rinse themselves from their wrongdoings (Momen 157). One of the necessities of all Muslims is that they make a journey to the blessed city of Mecca (Eastman 398). Judeo-Christian religions additionally have certain spots that are held holy to their supporters. The idea of hallowed space is essential to Judeo-Christian religions, since it assists with clarifying the inquiries of presence. Consecrated space gives something unmistakable to speak to religions while diminishing the snags that keep strict individuals from having strict encounters. Judeo-Christian religions have broad chronicles in which the idea of consecrated space has been instrumental to their turns of events. Today, sacrosanct space stays signi ficant in isolating these religions from the remainder of the world. As observed in verifiable stories and reflected through the imagery of strict design just as in nature, consecrated space is a significant part of Judeo-Christian religions. One explanation that adherents of Judeo-Christian religions see certain areas as significant is that God has announced that specific spots ought to be viewed as consecrated. In the Book of Exodus, the Lord addresses Moses on the pile of Horeb, saying â€Å"Remove the shoes from your feet, for where you stand is sacred ground† (Exo. 3.5 NAB). In the Book of Genesis, God sends Abraham to the place that is known for Moriah. â€Å"When they went to the spot of which God had let him know, Abraham constructed a special raised area t... ...position religions from one another by cultivating a sentiment of predominance among certain religions and mediocrity among others. Judeo-Christian religions depend on sacrosanct space to do these things for adherents. Works Cited Barbour, Ian G. Religion and Science: Historical and Contemporary Issues. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1997. Eastman, Roger. The Ways of Religion: An Introduction to the Major Traditions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Eliade, Mircea. The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. San Diego: Harcourt, Inc., 1987. Sacred Bible, New American Bible (Iowa Falls, Iowa, 1986) Johnson, Kevin Orlin. For what reason Do Catholics Do That?: A Guide to the Teachings also, Practices of the Catholic Church. New York: Random House, Inc., 1994. Momen, Moojan. The Phenomenon of Religion. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 1999.

11 Signs Youre Headed for a Burnout

11 Signs Youre Headed for a Burnout WHAT IS A BURNOUT? THE FACTSA burnout is your body’s response to constant attacks of stressors over the course of a long period of time. The effects of the condition are often left to accumulate by sufferers, until the damage on their mental and physical health can no longer be ignored.According to data from early 2017 most cases of burnout have been reported by the younger generation in the workforce. About 24% of responders aged 19 to 29, have admitted to being a victim of a burnout, from an average of 14% of the US population.Burnouts are progressively becoming more and more common and it is safe to say they are a disorder of our generation.Still, there are many popular misconceptions about it circling around.Misconception #1: Burnouts happen suddenly.‘I have always been a hard worker. Everything was fine. And then one day I just could not get out of bed.’ All victims sound very similar when they are describing the culmination of their condition.While the realization may co me suddenly to victims, that they cannot keep up with the lifestyle of all-work-no-play, the condition develops over time. Sufferers very often pile on too many tasks on their plate because they are overachievers that believe they are unstoppable.The early signs of a burnout are there. They are just ignored until it becomes impossible NOT to make a significant change.Misconception #2: Burnouts can ONLY be brought on by your job.False. A burnout can happen anytime you are dedicating time and effort to a cause you consider important.Following your professional goals obviously qualifies, however, burnouts could happen to young parents, students preparing for important exams, and others.(Since work-related burnout continue to be the most common case, those will still be the focus of this article.)Misconception #3: All you need to do to cure a burnout is to JUST slow down.It is not as easy as that. A burnout is a result of a complex system of repetitive behaviors, perceptions and thought processes that are intrinsic to the personality of the victim.Taking on too many responsibilities, having little regard for leisure activities and quality rest, not being able to feel fulfilled with any achievements outside of their career. These and other personality traits make it difficult for a sufferer to change their behaviors even if they feel a burnout coming on.Misconception #4: A burnout is not a serious condition.‘Yes, sometimes I get tired, too. But I gather myself and go to work!’ â€" you will often hear that comment from the average layman.To fight off a burnout, a sufferer’s therapy often involves challenging concepts they have had all their lives â€" the concepts of success and failure, of what constitutes wellbeing and how to practice self-care.It takes a deep dive in a person’s overview on life to recover. Many people need to take a significant step away from a career they have worked very hard to build. A burnout is a serious condition and the aftermath i s notable.Misconception #5: A burnout is only in your head.It is not. A burnout is mainly associated with heavy psychological discomfort â€" complete lack of motivation, emotional exhaustion, despair and depression.However, since it is usually accompanied by high levels of stress over a long period of time, some measurable physical symptoms do manifest:High levels of blood sugar, high level of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, prolonged headaches, bruxism, insomnia and heart palpitations are all symptoms of burnout.WATCH OUT FOR THESE 11 SIGNS!As you already know, once you are set on the tracks towards a burnout it is very difficult to reverse.That is why it is crucial that you recognize the early signs and work hard to gradually strip your lifestyle of all self-destructive behaviors and thoughts.Those 11 signs should be red flags to you:Sign #1. You cannot shut down your work brainThis sign is a no-brainer. It is probably the first thing you associate with the term â €˜burnout’. Have in mind though, that it is the most popular sign of a burnout precisely because it is most common.Victims report being ultimately unable to stop thinking about work-related topics. They catch themselves trying to figure out how to solve problems that occurred at the workplace even if they are actively trying to rest and relax.William Bauer, a managing director of a family business for handcrafted leather in New York, USA, confesses:‘In all fairness, I was raised with the idea that working when others are resting is our competitive edge…Personal and professional time have not just been blurred, they have become inseparable.  Unfortunately, it was only when I was rapidly approaching the abyss of burnout …  did I come to recognize how counterproductive it had become.’Bauer says it is a friendly reminder that saves him from diving back into the abyss on a daily basis â€" ‘entrepreneurship is a marathon, not a sprint’.You are probably safe if you find yours elf preoccupied with thoughts about your job only when you are going through a particularly tough time professionally. If you are finishing a big project, if your employer is not doing well financially, if you feel like you are close to a promotion and are trying to perform your best.It is a bad sign if you do not have a legitimate reason to focus on work so excessively. It is common that sufferers are constantly waiting for ‘just this one thing to pass’. Think about it â€" are you having ups and downs or is it downs only? Is there always something that puts you under stress? It is a big red flag if you are unable to relax even during vacation, during your yoga class, and activities with friends. Pay attention if your close ones tell you you are working too much.Sign #2. You are juggling procrastination and overtimeYou find yourself in a vicious cycle of putting off your tasks for too long then rushing to complete them at the end of the day.When the deadline approaches and you f eel the pressure of the situation you overcompensate by working excessively hard to completing your tasks in time.You have lost your passion to work through your low priority To-Dos.If you are a smoker, you are going out for a cigarette more often. If you are a talker, you are you are hanging around the water cooler for longer. If you are a social butterfly you are constantly checking your Facebook, Instagram and other social media on your smartphone. You are posting more, counting your likes shares and followers, which you hadn’t done before.And then the guilt of the time you lost hits you like a brick. You rush through your assignments chased by the heavy weight of self-blame. Even when you are done your performance is way worse than before. That makes the bad feeling linger outside of work.You are probably safe if you are having issues with your energy caused by external factors. You are on a diet and your low blood sugar leaves you exhausted in the mornings. Or let’s say you r attention is preoccupied by issues in your relationship or the diminished health of a loved one. In these cases it is not your lost passion that is to blame for your need of distraction.It is a bad sign if your personal life is going perfectly well and you cannot find any cause for your low energy other than you are ‘so over it’.Sign #3. Urgent tasks are losing their importanceNot only do low priority tasks take you all the time in the world. Urgent tasks don’t seem to matter anymore.You feel a great deal of apathy â€" whether it is a mundane assignment or people’s lives are actually on the line, you just can’t bring yourself to care.You are probably safe if you have never believed this urgency. You feel it is just your direct manager’s way of rushing you towards an unreachable, unreasonable time goal. And you are realizing there is no need to overwork yourself to submit to their hustle.It is a bad sign if on a logical level you realize your role in a project is crucia l, however, even if you try, you cannot bring yourself to give it your all, all the while being completely conscious of the dissonance.Sign #4. You are becoming cynical You have been selfless for a long time. You feel you have been slaving away for peanuts and now it seems like you are suddenly detached from anyone and anything in your organization. You are questioning everyone’s motives and incentives.Researchers from UCLA point out procrastination, apathy and cynicism are all tell-tale signs of Stage 2 Burnout which means your body and your psyche have turned in a mode of conservation of energy and emotion.You are probably safe if there are changes in your organization that have caused your transformation of perspective.It is a bad sign if this transition has solely come over you because of your internal thought processes and observations. Chances are the thought has crossed your mind that ‘they are not paying you enough for this’.Sign #5. You feel generally unhappy on your workplaceIt is business as usual in the office, however, you are feeling more and more exhausted, unsatisfied and hopeless.The harder you think, the more difficult it is to come up with the exact moment your work turned from your dream job to your personalized nine-to-five prison.According to Mayo Clinic major factors contributing to your unhappiness at your workplace are lack of control to influence your assignments and workflow, unclear job expectations, dysfunctional workplace dynamics.All of those factors accumulate and affect you over time and are difficult to identify.You are probably safe if your general bad mood manifests out of the office as well. That would mean you are safe from the ‘burnout’ diagnosis. Try to do some sports, to gather some sunlight and dedicate some time to relaxing activities. Those are easy natural ways to fight off depression and SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder). If your bad mood is not affected in a significant way, seek help from a professional .It is a bad sign if the main stressors for your condition come from your job. You find that the aforementioned waves of despair hit you the hardest when you are at your workplace. What is more, any efforts to distract yourself fail because you can’t shut down your work brain.Sign #6. You used to be a perfectionistYou used to plan, execute, and look over your work with the greatest care. Recently you feel like you could not be bothered to do more than the bare Minimum.You are probably safe if the audience of your work has changed significantly. For example if you used to create business proposals for end customers, while nowadays your work is proofread by an assistant. The change is then caused by the fact you need to concentrate on more important tasks.It is a bad sign if your position and responsibilities have not changed in the slightest. It is just your effort that is disappearing. Pay special attention if your supervisor and your colleagues are trying to give you constructive criticism that you have met with cynicism.Sign #7. You are doubting your value.Your self esteem has always been attached to the recognized level of your work performance. Your main source of self value has always been job accomplishments.Any criticism or failure is internalized and perceived as a personal failure regardless of the level of control you would have on the outcome.A research published in the US National Library of Medicine discovered that ‘Performance-based self-esteem was the strongest predictor of burnout over time, followed by private life stressors.’Interestingly, ‘Women experienced more work stress than did men. Men had stronger associations between work stressors and burnout, while women had stronger associations between performance-based self-esteem and burnout.’You are probably safe if there is a legitimate reason to be thinking over your results at this particular moment. Is a performance evaluation coming soon? When it passes, what are the factors tha t affect your self esteem?It is a bad sign if your reevaluating your part comes with feelings of anger, impatience, and resentment towards the people who’s job it is to follow up on your performance â€" your boss, your colleagues or your customers.Sign #8. You are resentful towards your team membersYou have been working so hard for so long. You have neglected your personal life, your friends. You have sacrificed your personal time and maybe your personal goals.You kept brushing it off when people told you to slow down, even when you were feeling they might be right. You have been the one to drag your team forward through thick and thin.Then one day all of a sudden you are starting to notice you are the only one who cares that much. It is the starting point of you holding resentment towards your colleagues, your boss, your organization and even your customers.Another study published by the US National Library of Medicine discovers that a burnouter can be very toxic in a team: ‘Pe ople who are experiencing burnout can have a negative impact on their colleagues, both by causing greater personal conflict and by disrupting job tasks.Thus, burnout can be “contagious” and perpetuate itself through social interactions on the job’.You are probably safe if your expectations for your colleagues to work as hard as you are realistic. If you have a legitimate proof someone is slacking while others do all the work.It is a bad sign if your expectations towards your colleagues are unrealistic. If everyone is working hard already, you should not expect them to overwork themselves as you do.Sign #9. You do not actually want to complete your agendaYou are NOT interested to reach your targets. You do NOT identify with the goals of your organization. You find the ultimate goals of your position to be pointless.You are probably safe if your frustration is manifesting due to a lack of information or understanding â€" if the dissonance between your personal truth and the comp any values is brought upon you because of your cynicism. Do deeper research and try to figure out how your work contributes to the organization and how the organization contributes to society. It could very well be different from what you see on the company website. Dig deeper.It is a bad sign if you can’t bring yourself to align yourself with the company values. Think of it this way: If you alone, as a person, could have the same effect to society as your company has, would you continue its work, and will it make you happy?Sign #10. You are neglectful towards your needs and your healthYou are exhausted and you are feeling great pressure to continue putting in effort even though you have lost your passion for the values and ultimate goals of your organization. You have been doubting your value for a long time and it is taking a toll on your self-esteem.You neglect caring for yourself. You start piling up on junk food and you are probably gaining weight. You might be drinking more often or looking for recreational drugs. You might be missing out on sleep. You might be putting off your regular doctor’s appointment.You are probably safe if it is temporary. Once you realize you are neglecting your physical and mental health, you grab yourself by the bootstraps and power through the difficulties without the crutch of bad habits.It is a bad sign if you can’t seem to stop even when people close to you express their concerns. You don’t seem to be able to find a healthy outlet.Sign #11. You are mainly driven by fear of failure and not by strive for successWith most victims of burnout the treatment includes challenging the notions for failure and success. The reason burnouters pile so much on their plate is they are terrified of failure.You are probably safe if you have a clear, measurable, achievable idea of what success looks like for you. Can you write it down on a small piece of paper? Read it back to yourself. Will that be enough for you?It is a bad sign if you are constantly changing your concept of ultimate happiness. Multiple burnout victims actually burn out at what started as their dream job. Because it was not enough of a success for them to have it and fulfill it. They were terrified of losing it and therefore obsessed over it to the point of hating it.A BURNOUT IS COMING! NOW WHAT?The most important way to fight a coming burnout is to not allow yourself to engage in behaviors that cannot be sustained long term. Avoid going to the extreme. There are some steps you can take to try and restore normality.Step #1 Start taking care of yourselfSince a lot of the symptoms of a burnout match symptoms for depression you can try some natural remedies to up your mood:Spend a healthy amount of time in the sun â€" it will help you deal with any possible vitamin D deficiency, which is commonly associated with depression.Do sports â€" that will naturally boost your endorphin levels.Meditation will help you deal with stress and improve your de cision making process.Step #2 Work during working hours onlyArrive at your workplace early and prepare yourself mentally for spending a fixed amount of hours. After work shut down your work phone, do not look at your emails and do not take calls.If you are an emergency contact, feel free to discuss with your colleagues and your supervisor a change of workflow if that is possible. Make sure your brain is occupied with anything else during your free time, even if you consider it nonsense in the beginning.Step #3 Plan your weekly tasks and targets ahead of timeSpend up to an hour every weekend to plan your week ahead. Create a realistic plan for the entire work week. Make sure you are satisfied with the amount of tasks you are about to tick off. Leave some space for urgent business.What you are doing is you are deciding in advance how much work is enough. You will therefore not be tempted to pile on more assignments to your plate.IF ALL ELSE FAILS, SEEK HELP.If you are feeling a burnou t is coming soon, start your fight against it immediately. Follow steps 1 to 3 above. If you start to feel a difference, congratulations, you have avoided a head-on collision with the dangerous creature, called Burnout.If the symptoms are not alleviating fast enough, make sure you seek therapy.You might have a lot of work to do, but it will be worth it.

Lord of the Flies Defects of Society Due to Nature of...

Lord of THe Flies: Defects of Society Due to Nature of Individuals The venturesome novel, Lord of the Flies, is an enchanting, audacious account that depicts the defects of society as the incorrigible nature of individuals when they are immature and without an overlooking authority. The author of the novel, William Golding, was born in Britain, which accounts for the English, cultured characters in the novel. After studying science at Oxford University for two years, he changed his emphasis as a major to English literature. When World War II broke out in 1939, Golding served in the Royal Navy for five years. The atrocities he witnessed changed his view about mankinds essential nature. He came to believe that there was a†¦show more content†¦Even though the location of the island is not definite, the author vividly describes the setting. Golding tells us that the island is tropical and shaped like a boat. At the low end are the jungle and the orchards, which rise up to the treeless and rocky mountain ridge. The beach, called the scar, is near the warm water lagoon. On the scar, where the boys hold their meetings, is a natural platform of fallen trees. Far away is the fruit orchards which supply the boys with food. Inland from the lagoon is the jungle with pig trails and hanging vines. The island has a mountain that Ralph, Simon, and Jack climb, and from which they are able to see the terrain. Finally, there is the castle at the other end of the island, which rises a hundred feet above the sea and becomes Jacks headquarters. Golding gives us a very strong sense of place, and the setting shapes the storys direction. At the outset the boys view the island as a paradise because it is lush and abundant with food. As the fear of the beast grows, however, it becomes a hell in which fire and fear prevail. Even though Golding does not clearly state the setting, a mental picture of the island is depicted throughout the novel. The plot of the story begins when a group of British students plane is shot down, and they crash on a tropical island. Ralph and Piggy are the first characters introduced, and they find a white conchShow MoreRelated The Prevalence of Humanity1662 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The defects of society [can be traced] back to the defects of human nature ... 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Evil is a learned behavior which is illustrated in dictators, school violence, and classical novels such as Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Night by Elie Wiesel. Humans are fundamentally good, and then are corrupted by their environment. Its because of evolutionary purposes. Every organism wants their species to continue (if they dont, they die off andRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pages..had been struck by lightning...and half of it split away† (296). This foreshadows the split between Jane and Rochester. When Jane leaves Thornfield, it â€Å"was a lovely summer morning...I looked neither to rising sun, nor smiling sky, nor wakening nature† (369). The calm and clear weather parallels Jane’s mind after she decides to do what is best for her. When Jane arrives at Moor House, the storm represents her desperate search to find food and shelter. Characters (adjectives, quotes) Bertha Mason

How Does an Elephant Use its Trunk

The trunk of an elephant is a muscular, flexible extension this mammals upper lip and nose. African savanna elephants and African forest elephants have trunks with two finger-like growths at their tip; the trunks of Asian elephants have only one such fingerlike growth. These structures, also known as proboscides (singular: proboscis), enable the elephants to grasp food and other small objects, in the same way that primates use their flexible fingers. All species of elephants use their trunks to strip vegetation from branches and to pull grass from the ground, at which point they shovel the vegetable matter into their mouths. How Elephants Use Their Trunks To relieve their thirst, elephants suck water up into their trunks from rivers and watering holes--the trunk of an adult elephant can hold up to ten quarts of water! As with its food, the elephant then squirts the water into its mouth. African elephants also use their trunks to take dust baths, which help to repel insects and guard against the harmful rays of the sun (where the temperature can easily exceed 100 degrees Fahrenheit). To give itself a dust bath, an African elephant sucks dust into its trunk, then bends its trunk overhead and blows the dust out over its back. (Fortunately, this dust doesnt cause the elephant to sneeze, which one imagines would startle any wildlife in its immediate vicinity.) Besides its efficiency as a tool for eating, drinking and taking dust baths, the trunk of an elephant is a unique structure that plays a fundamental part in this animals olfactory system. Elephants point their trunks in different directions to sample the air for scents, and when swimming (which they do as rarely as possible), they hold their trunks out of the water like snorkels so they can breath. Their trunks are also sensitive and dexterous enough to enable elephants to pick up objects of various sizes, judge their wieght and composition, and in some instances even to fend off attackers (the flailing trunk of an elephant wont do much damage to a charging lion, but it can make the pachyderm seem like more trouble than its worth, causing the big cat to seek out more tractable prey). How did the elephant evolve its characteristic trunk? As with all such innovations in the animal kingdom, this structure gradually developed over tens of millions of years, as the ancestors of modern elephants adjusted to the changing requirements of their ecosystems. The earliest identified elephant ancestors, like the pig-sized Phiomia of 50 million years ago, had no trunks at all; but as competition for the leaves of trees and shrubs increased, so did the incentive for a way to harvest vegetation that would otherwise be out of reach. Essentially speaking, the elephant evolved its trunk for the same reason the giraffe evolved its long neck!

Five Forces Free Essays

————————————————- Re:The Cable Industry Conditions Are Ambiguous The cable industry’s conditions are quite ambiguous for new firms thinking to penetrate the market. The cable industry consists of firms that operate in the wired, third party distribution systems for broadcast programming. These cable operators offer television programming from cable networks or local television stations to consumers via cable infrastructure on a subscription basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Five Forces or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important to note that the industry is different from satellite providers, Internet service providers, or VoIP services, whose main difference is in infrastructure. Main players in the cable industry operate on a nation-wide basis. The biggest threat to this industry is high barrier to entry. This is due to a number of factors. First, capital requirements are high because infrastructure is costly such as the fiber-optic lines that have been introduced to offer customers higher-priced, enhanced or bundled services. There is a medium level of industry concentration as the top four companies construct around 55% of the industry overall. Government regulations are also high, since operators must be licensed by the FCC through extensive registration. Thus programming rights, infrastructure investment, and high regulations present significant expenses and hardship for new firms entering. Barriers to entry, unlike all other factors in the five forces model, actually raises profits in a five forces analysis. This is because high barriers to entry prevent firms that could easily come into the market and take away profits. Other forces such as supplier power, buyer power, threat of substitutes, and industry rivalry, have moderate power in this industry. This would usually present a case of relatively lower profits in the industry – however we see that industry profitability is way above the industry average. It seems that the established firms in the industry are profitable because there are both high barriers to entry and many firms have consolidated with content suppliers. Thus profitability in this industry is quite ambiguous. How to cite Five Forces, Essay examples

The Condition of Women in Samuel Richardson’s ‘Pamela’ and Fakir Baykurt’s ‘Tirpan’ Essay Example For Students

The Condition of Women in Samuel Richardson’s ‘Pamela’ and Fakir Baykurt’s ‘Tirpan’ Essay Abstract Women is benefit by the society from the past to now. This state of affairs is for sex and labour. Society sees adult females like a goods and can purchase them with money. Harmonizing to work forces, adult females are sex stuff and slave. Womans who downtrodden, is married by parent. After that, they kill themselves because of this state of affairs. This status is normally in the eastern societies. Then, adult females ever want to be from upper category so ; they are exposed to sexual maltreatment. In 18 century, adult females are accused with witchery and they are roasted alive. Besides, adult females who want to populate alive, they are accused with witchery. In this term, hapless peasant adult females who want to acquire aid from church, they have sexual relationship with priest and cook. Harmonizing to this state of affairs, while work forces give in to enticement, adult females who sell themselves for nutrient, are devil and they are nail person to the wall. In West, sees that adult female an object for work forces. We will write a custom essay on The Condition of Women in Samuel Richardson’s ‘Pamela’ and Fakir Baykurt’s ‘Tirpan’ specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In this paper, I will analyse Samuel Richardson’sPamelaand Fakir Baykurt’sTA ±rpanand so I will knock of two novel about adult females is benefit sexual maltreatment and labour. Besides I will advert â€Å"The status of adult females in society.† And besides, I will compare Pamela and Duru . 1. Fakir Baykurt He is a Turkish novelist in 19. yy. He mentions live of small town to novels. He begins write verse form. He is inspired Orhan Veli. He represents pastoral novel. After 1950, he writes fresh and narrative. He died in 1999. 2. TA ±rpan Musdu who is landlord of Evci small town. He has money and lands. Duru who is from Gokcimen small town, she is really beautiful miss and she is 13 old ages old. Musdu sees Duru and wants purchase her. Duru and her female parent do non desire but her male parent accepts this state of affairs because of his friends. In small town, some of individual, conceal Duru but Musdu find her. Then, Duru and Musdu acquire married. UluguAY grandma helps Duru . She tries to forestall Musdu. Grandmother says something about Musdu to Duru . Because this state of affairs, everybody and Duru will acquire rid of Musdu. The work forces who take money, when they give gold for their household, who like a miss and he can transport miss. Then they go to imam and get married. After that, adult females can worked by work forces and arrive some babes. After many old ages, Womans who are from Gokcimen, when get old, work forces go to Gokcimen and sell another adult female for themselves. Everything is change bur this state of affairs is non alteration ( Baykurt, 1 ) . As you see, adult females are goods in their society. They can sell to work forces as goods. And besides, Women accept as can work and utilize. However, work forces use to adult females for sex. They ever think themselves non adult females. Men want many babes from adult females but merely they want male. If babe is girl, they will act severely so, they are married by their household but normally they marry work forces who do non desire. My maestro gave me more all right things. He called me up to my late lady ‘s cupboard, and, drawing out her shortss, he gave me two suits of all right Flanders laced caput apparels, three brace of all right silk places, two barely the worse, and merely tantrum for me, ( for my lady had a really small pes, ) and the other with shaped Ag buckles in them ; and several Ribbands and top-knots of all Colours ; four brace of white all right cotton stockings, and three brace of all right silk 1s ; and two brace of rich corsets ( Richardson, 16 ) . .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .postImageUrl , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:hover , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:visited , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:active { border:0!important; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:active , .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee84054d3b613f76e134b0fffd28483a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reeling In Catch 22 EssayMr. B gave something to Pamela and she accept their. She wants to be from upper category and take a hazard of everything. And besides, Mr. B becomes severely things of Pamela because he gives white cotton stockens. Cotton stokens is particular of adult females and Mr. B knows this state of affairs but he does non desire reveal. Kabak Musdu is really rich adult male. He has Equus caballus and he ever goes to with Equus caballus in small town. He goes to in Ankara and KA ±zA ±lca every hebdomad. He sells patridge and honey to Cankaya. And besides, he sells violet chou, lamb, fresh butter, sort of cheese and sock and everything†¦ Are you acquiring it? He has much profusion. He is proprietor of many edifice land. He likes that money safe. One twenty-four hours, he will be advantage to us, excessively. There are client for your girl and you still thoughtfully! Never head. Good fortune with it. Then, Duru who heard that, becomes sad and shouting ( Baykurt, 20 ) . In this citation shows us that men’s money is really of import in society. Oppression of society force many things. Kabak Musdu is rich individual so he is so attractive for people because of money. Actually, work forces who travel everyplace become informed for people. Some of adult females marry work forces who rich like Kabak Musdu. For case, Pamela because she tries to get married his maestro call as Mr. B. However, there are adult females who do non desire marry like Duru because she is so immature and she has non some purposes about marry like Pamela. Duru is great illustration of pureness. My wife’s unwellness acquiring proceed because of unwellness she can non cook and cleaning. As you know, I have ever guest at my place. There are non adult female who can cook. And besides I feel severely against to my friends ( Baykurt, 8 ) . I mentioned in abstract that, adult females see as goods and they can sell and utilize by work forces. When they are old, they can alter with new one. Women are used for both house labour and sexual relationship by work forces. Mr. B wants to get Pamela and he purposes a contract. Then he direct contract to Pamela ; he writes, if you are my kept woman, I will take money, apparels, gem and besides fiscal possibility for your parent ( Richardson, 225 ) . Pamela does non desire because her purpose is matrimony and she want to be from upper category and this state of affairs will go with matrimony. In this portion, Mr. B wants benefit from Pamela but she does non let. Financial possibility is really attractive to adult females so, Mr. B thinks that Pamela accepts this state of affairs. In this state of affairs, Mr. B becomes fail. I wish you really much. I like you. Musdu hugs Selver and caresses her legs. Then, Musdu says that I will come once more for love you. He kisses her lips, eyes and ears. You are so sweet and fantastic adult female. Be your hubby recognizing your sugariness? Selver becomes emphasis. He once more kisses her lips. I will come once more for gustatory sensation her. You look like young person of Duru . If she sweet likes you, I will be happy ( Baykurt, 37 ) . Although Selver is married woman of his friend, Musdu uses Selver for sex. Selver does non desire that, but Musdu forces to Selver. And besides, he is sexual relationship with Selver. However he still think that Duru . This state of affairs sees that Musdu’s purpose is sex. He thinks severely and harmonizing to his, he buys everything with his money. Actually, society sees that. He ever thinks about that because of society. .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .postImageUrl , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:hover , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:visited , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:active { border:0!important; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:active , .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335 .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0730348d7cf71219a9b08d2da5c9f335:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Poetry of A. E. Housman EssayOne dark, Mr. B enters to in secret Pamela’s room by the aid of Mrs. Jewes and he assaults to Pamela. She swoons and Mr.B leaves entirely to her ( Richardson 256 ) . Mr. B wants to populate sexual relationship with Pamela like Musdu but Pamela does non desire. As we see, work forces accept adult females as goods. This idea still continues. In two novels, we see that adult females are same in two societies. Harmonizing to society, adult females who are downtrodden and used animals. In TA ±rpan, while Musdu represents to east, In Pamela, Mr.B represents to west but sex and adult females are same in two society. While, Money is really attractive for many people but it is non attractive for some people. For case, Pamela wants get to Mr.B for being upper category, on the contrary Duru refuses profusion and being upper category but subjugation of society, her male parent wants accept of this state of affairs. YanarateAY says that, â€Å"According to society, adult females are ever weak and demand of protection but work forces are symbol of power and money† ( 15 ) . Harmonizing to work forces, adult females are created for work forces but this state of affairs are non true. Actually, adult females are defenseless so, they are saw that destitute to work forces. Duru and Musdu acquire married. One dark, Musdu slumbers and Duru comes along with him, she stabs to swath of Musdu’s belly. Musdu tries to shout but he can non because Duru ties his oral cavity. She once more stabs to swath. After that, she takes package and goes out from place ( Baykurt, 256 ) . However, Duru does non desire Musdu and she saves herself and peasant from Musdu. And besides, she ne’er does non flinch. In this state of affairs shows that Duru is really powerful adult female. She begins release. Mr.B sends an battle to Pamela and this is a prenup. Pamela accepts to this battle. Prenup includes appanel, reference, household and maintain house ( Richardson, 395 ) . Pamela acquires what she wants. In this manner, she will be upper category. She immediate accepts battle. Although Lady Davers does non desire to this matrimony but they get married in secret. Harmonizing to this state of affairs, Pamela is powerless adult female because she is defeated to petitions. In decision, as I mentioned both in two novels, adult females who are people benefited and weak. From past to now, society expressions at adult females as downtrodden work forces marry in order to hold regularity in their life. On the contrary, downtrodden adult females try to order men’s life but this nonsensical state of affairs. This state of affairs shows that work forces can non populate without adult females but so they are non value. Lots of adult females see matrimony as release but really this state of affairs limits their freedom. For case, although Pamela sees matrimony as freedom, when she married, her freedom was limited by Mr.B. On the contrary, Duru ne’er wants to marriage, for that affair, when she married with Musdu, she kills him and she additions her freedom. The society in which money is of import, adult females involvement in work forces with money as Pamela. Work Cited Alikoc , Fulya. â€Å"DoAYu BatA ± ArasA ±nda KadA ±n, †Ozgurluk DunyasA ± Dergisi, No.123, ( 2014 ) : 5-6. ArA ±kan, Seda. â€Å"Gostergebilimsel BirCozumleme: Samuel Richardson’A ±n Pamela’sA ± , †AtaturkUniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi, Vol. 13, No. 2. ( 2009 ) : 147-160. Baykurt, Fakir.TA ±rpan.A °stanbul: Literatur, 2007. DurukoAYlu, Salim. â€Å"KadA ±nA ±n ve Kaderin ‘TA ±rpan’ , †International Periodical for the Languagesand History of Turkish.Vol. 8/6, ( 2013 ) : 145-156. Richardson, Samuel.Pamela or Virtue Rewarded. New York: E.P. Dutton A ; Co. Inc, 1976. Sevim, AyAYe. KadA ±nA ±n OrtacaAYdan 20. YuzyA ±la DeAYin Seruveni. YanarateAY , Zeynep Ezgi.SusturulmuAY Bedenlerin CA ±AYlA ±klarA ±.

Free Essays on Mother

Write an essay on mother and son relationship A mother's love is very important. A child who feels love is most likely to succeed and give it in return than a child who never received it and doesn't know what it means to be loved. In most cases, it is the mother's love, care, and understanding that enable the child to overcome many hurdles in their life. In my case, I was able to An important obstacle that I overcame because of my mother was shyness. I always kept to myself and never felt the need to go out of my way to be friendly. But my mother constantly told me and pointed out that communication is key in the real world and that I had to learn to communicate with people if I wanted to succeed. She realized that in order for me to overcome my shyness, I had to start talking to people and being sociable so she introduced me to different people and I began to open up more. Eventually I was able to start high school and make life-long friends there and I owe it all to her. Another obstacle I overcame was self-doubt. Whenever I had trouble believing I could do something, my mother was always there to believe in me and constantly install me that I could do anything as long as I believed I could. Whenever I have trouble with friends or school or when I was just in one of my "moods", my mother was always there for me and willing to discuss my dilemmas. The fact that she is proud of what I accomplish is the main reason for my success so far and I am glad that with her help, I am more confident in my abilities and potential. The last obstacles that I overcame and am still overcoming are the overall difficult times. These times include problems concerning school, and even problem with my parents. Like I said before, when I do have problems with work being extremely difficult, my mother doesn't criticize me for failing, but encourages me to try harder and tells me she is still proud of my efforts. She knows that I am not perfect ... Free Essays on Mother Free Essays on Mother Write an essay on mother and son relationship A mother's love is very important. A child who feels love is most likely to succeed and give it in return than a child who never received it and doesn't know what it means to be loved. In most cases, it is the mother's love, care, and understanding that enable the child to overcome many hurdles in their life. In my case, I was able to An important obstacle that I overcame because of my mother was shyness. I always kept to myself and never felt the need to go out of my way to be friendly. But my mother constantly told me and pointed out that communication is key in the real world and that I had to learn to communicate with people if I wanted to succeed. She realized that in order for me to overcome my shyness, I had to start talking to people and being sociable so she introduced me to different people and I began to open up more. Eventually I was able to start high school and make life-long friends there and I owe it all to her. Another obstacle I overcame was self-doubt. Whenever I had trouble believing I could do something, my mother was always there to believe in me and constantly install me that I could do anything as long as I believed I could. Whenever I have trouble with friends or school or when I was just in one of my "moods", my mother was always there for me and willing to discuss my dilemmas. The fact that she is proud of what I accomplish is the main reason for my success so far and I am glad that with her help, I am more confident in my abilities and potential. The last obstacles that I overcame and am still overcoming are the overall difficult times. These times include problems concerning school, and even problem with my parents. Like I said before, when I do have problems with work being extremely difficult, my mother doesn't criticize me for failing, but encourages me to try harder and tells me she is still proud of my efforts. She knows that I am not perfect ...

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4 Ways to Increase your Hireability as a Medical Coder and Biller In order to remain marketable as a medical coder and biller, you must keep your skills sharp and your head in the game. Here are 5 steps that will keep your resume at the top of any hiring pile: 1. Stay on top of industry newsDo your best to be an informed professional. Read everything you can get your hands on about industry trends and changes, subscribe to any available newsletters, and attend local gatherings of peers.  Doing so will lead you to the next tip:2. Network–and not just onlineWhile you should definitely play an an active role on online industry boards and keep in touch via social media, there’s no substitute for face-to-face meetings. The more people who know and respect your skills, the higher the chances someone will remember your face and name and recommend you when there’s a position up for grabs.3. Increase your earning potentialThe more experience you have, the more industry credentials you’re able to earn (such as RHIT, HRHIA, and C PC-P). Adding certifications to your resume means you’re more attractive to potential hiring managers and are available to take on higher ranking positions.4. Prioritize ICD-10Don’t get left behind come this October, when the U.S. transitions to the ICD-10 coding system. If you haven’t started learning the new system’s coding and billing, start now.Treat maintenance of your coding and billing skills and industry contacts as a major part of your job to leave no doubt in employers’ minds that you’ll be a dedicated and knowledgeable hire.5 Ways to Keep Your Medical Billing and Coding Career CurrentRead More at www.careerstep.com

Discussion and self reflection assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

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Nursing shortage, a major healthcare issue Research Paper

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Facebook is the leading social network in many countries followed by Twitter and LinkedIn in popularity. It has been reported that Facebook have 901 million monthly users and more than 125 billion friends connected at the end of March, 2012 (Karpinski et al., 2013). The positive and negative impacts of social network on students social behaviour and academic achievement can be examined by their engagement, collaborative work, creativity, distraction, and grade point average (GPA). Research has shown that students participation on social networks have a positive connection to their engagement, and negative connection to their academic performance. Many researchers indicate that students academic performance can be increased by enhancing their engagement, and it has been stated that students engagement has a significant predictor of their academic performance (Wise et al., 2011). The relationship between students academic engagement and their academic performance is in agreement with (Junco, 2012). They reported that students engagements are powerful forces for psychosocial development and academic success. Social networks have the potentials of improving learning styles, as they provides alternative to traditional teaching format such as creation of online classroom community, and also enhancement of student-teacher and student-student interaction (Merchant, 2012) Social network increases social interactions and allows easy communication between, families, friends, neighbourhoods and global communities. Most social networks incorporate lots of communication tools like mobile connectivity, blogs, photos and video sharing which allows cross-posting to each other as desired by the users (Merchant, 2012) It has been reported that social network interactions allows quality relationships, connectedness, positive behaviours and also sharing of relevant information have been observed on social network sites (Martin Dowson, 2009). Forkosh-Baruch Hershkovitz, (2012), also reported that lecturers, learners, system/software designers, decision makers and students are coming to social network sites for significant educational activities, and also establishes new innovations using interactive and collaborative online journals. Griffith and Liyange (2008) reported that students use social network in their academic studies such group and team based works. In this regards social network plays a central role in learning environment as a major conduit for getting resources, knowledge, social support and socialization for learning distribution (Cho et al., 2007). It provides help for students preparing for or finding employment (Connelly, 2011). On the other hand, researchers have shown that high level of internet usage among adults of certain age group (16-24 years) for social and emotional advancement could be regarded as internet addiction or pathological internet users for the group (Odaci and Kalkan, 2010). Internet addiction is the inability to limit internet usage despite its detrimental effects on social behaviour and academic performance; and also cause of anxiety when internet accessibility is restricted (Odaci, 2013). Young adults that experience difficulties in communication skills in the real life have reported significantly reduction while using social network but in real life their social skill is inadequate and therefore problematic in social behaviour and academic performance (Caldwell Cunningham, 2010; Caplan, 2010; Odaci, 2013). Social behaviour is an indispensable constituent of social psychology that can either be positive or negative. It consists of social determinant such as attitude, self-concept, collaboration, communication, violent behaviour and conflict reduction etc (Bertram, 2009). Social network helps to provide information on direct friendships and also generates a better global modelling for social organisation which determines how individual patterns of social behaviour correlate to group characteristics. The behaviour of an individual can affect the behaviours of others within the same social networks. Social behaviour can, for instance, influence flow of information or behaviours throughout a group (Makagon et al., 2012). Social networks do not only provide an assessment of popularity, but they can also be exploited as a vehicle to gain or access important information (Fetta et al., 2012). According to Lewis et al., (2007), the mass movement of people to the use of social network has instigated researchers into investigating impacts of social networks. It may not be an exaggeration if we say that many modern day young adults, especially students, make use of social network on a daily basis (Boyd Ellison 2007). According to Bryant Bryant (2005), the internet possesses the capability to influence our young adults and students behaviour very easily. This researcher has had experiences with youths/students in the library and classes that spend most of their time chatting and watching sexually explicit resources that might produce negative effects on their behaviour. Arising from the fore going, this researcher intends to study the postgraduate students attitudes as regards the use of social network during formal classes and library in Heriot-Watt University. At the end of the research, recommendations will be made based on the students response. Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn and Twitter are chosen for this research study because of the large number of students that use these online social networks for chatting and sending messages (Cheung et al., 2010; Golder et al., 2007; Stutzman, 2006). It is essential for the academic institutions to know the positive and negative impacts of social network on students behaviour and academic performances. Benefits and obstacles of social network on educational system Social network sites (SNS) has become one of the useful tools that can revolutionized educational sector to suit requirement to improved knowledge for both student-student and student-teacher interaction. As an effective new culture of learning, social network site (SNS) offers students opportunity to use informal ways to communication, learn and collaborate independent of time and space (Zaidieh, 2012). It also helps teacher to keep constant communication and get feedback from students which improves learning efficiency. Social network sites play major role between students-teachers by allowing students to be in constant connections with other students, educators, alumni, administrators within and outside the academic environment (Jiang and Tang, 2010; Zaidieh, 2012). SNS has the ability to attract, motivate and engage students in meaningful academic practices, content exchange and other collaborations (Mills, 2011). SNS provides student-teacher flexibility in learning, teaching and also the ability to join groups in specific subjects or disciplines and enable them to connect, view photos, videos and instructional activities established by other users of the network (ELI, 2007). SNS gives students and teachers the possibility of repetition i.e to either retrieve information immediately or later which is hard when using traditional methods of teaching (Dobrzanski and Brytan, 2007). In contrast to SNS the non-SNS method such as blackboard and module are much focused and lack personal touch and network capacity of SNS. SNS has the potentials to actively encourage online community building and extend learning beyond the boundaries of the classroom (Smith, 2009; Brady et al., 2010). It provides unique opportunities for educators and instructors to facilitate a very strong sense of community within students and encourages creation of new knowledge and collective intelligence by personal interactions. SNS provides shared forum where students can post or share, and engage in collaborative discussion while sharing common sources like links, video and photos (McCann, 2009). It represents a defined shift towards social and community web-based application that can cultivate and sustain subject specific social networking. It does not only attract people but also hold their attention, propel them, to contribute and bring them back time without number all to get desirable qualities for educational purposes. SNS makes it easy and quick to access, review, update and edit learning materials any time and everywhere (Cheong, 2002) and allows students and teachers to select desirable materials from large quantity of course offered on online. It allows easy distribution of learning materials and reduces stress and increases satisfaction among students. It gives students opportunity to study at their own self-pace and allow them to join bulletin board discussion any time while visiting classmates and instructors remotely in chat room. It overcomes the limitations of space and time in education and allows accessibility of available materials in their sites and also helps to resolves time table conflicts (Zaidieh, 2012). The major challenges of SNS in education sector including lack of privacy, miscommunication and taking up times. Privacy is the major obstacles of SNS in education. Nissenbaum, (2004) described privacy as the contextual integrity which refers to the rules of appropriateness, in confines of the nature and types of information about different individuals within a given context, that is allowed, expected, or demanded to be revealed, and the rules of distribution, in confines of the movement, or transfer from one person to another. It simply means that in social network interaction; individuals have expectations concerning what information is deem appropriate to collect and circulate. Thus, specific types of information are appropriate for sharing among a certain groups of friends but may not be good to open to other social network users outside that group (Pai and Arnott, 2012). Its users express concern about privacy of their personal information and are most vigilant about safeguardin g it (Dwyer et al., 2007). In social network site (SNS), people have lots of friends and the quality and integrity of these friendship are always in question because they are not always 100% honest and reliable and cannot actually verify personal details (age and location) of their members. It also allows accurate and positive self-profile that can be potentially abused by the openness (Zaidieh, 2012). Miscommunication: In most cases, learner (students) face difficulties in expressing their ideas and views in writing as most of them prefer to express their ideas and views orally, the approach they are used to for many years of their studies. Face-to-face allows one individuals to perceive physical clues like tones, reflection, body language in an online environment (Zaidieh, 2012). Taking up time: Social network users spent much time in Internet, and more time online for their studies and works. Most times this causes lack of motivation towards learning and can be bored sitting in front of a computer for a very long time especially when the learning materials presented is free of audio and visual effects that can attract learner towards learning (Zaidieh, 2012). Lenhart et al., (2010) reported that half of the users are idled online for hours from time to time. This finding suggested that the more online time, the more SNS users, took their toll on information consumption through the social network platforms. According to Zhong et al., (2011), more than half of the social network users stated that reading information and watching videos online gave them short time for using non-SNS materials, such as broadcast and printed documents, indicating a move in trend of information from non-SNS to SNS, especially among students. Many researchers observed that students spend several hours in a day attending to different social network sites even during lectures and library sessions thus creating distractions and reducing the time to focus on their studies. For example, in the lecture or library, most students leave their mobile phone on and silently chat on the social network sites and when the lecturer sets an examination, with high expectation of good grades; majority of the students will not do well. This scenario is ominous for both the students involved and the society at large. If this situation is not put under control, it will affect the students focus towards academics and possibly increase the number of students dropping out of school. Pempek, et al., (2009) studied College Students social networking experiences on Facebook using 92 scholars. The study revealed that the students spend minimum of 1 hr. on daily bases with social network. The researchers reported that students spend more time reading the contents from their friends responses, uploading pictures and to keep in touch with friends. Other researchers however, observed that there is no relationship between time spent on the use of social network and students academic performance. Hunley et al., (2005) opined that there is no significant between the time spent on the social networks and the Grade Point Average (GPA) of students. This finding is in agreement with Kolek and Saunders (2008) which observed that social network usage and the GPA of Users have no relationship. On the other hand, Verden Boogart, (2006), reported that social network users have lower GPAs more than non-users. This finding correlates with the report by Flad (2010) that 32% out of 35% of the students that use social network have poor academic performance, and concluded that social network is good for students socialisation but negatively impact on their academic performance. Barratt et al., (2009), observed that many students log onto Facebook many times in a day, thus spending valuable time, if spent on their studies would lead to excellent academic performance. It is necessary to examine whether or not social network involvement by students improves their academic works and social behaviour. How Social network Improves learning style? In the world today, higher institutions explore emerging technologies such as social network sites as a new or improved tool to enhance teaching and learning. Social network sites support student, and boost the integration in the higher education classes. Even though the infrastructures to support social network presently exist in most universities, instructors are slow in adapting to the tools as an educational one. Recently, Sadaf et al., (2012) studied pre-service teachers beliefs about their intent to use social network in their future classrooms. The results opined that half (51%) were committed to the new technology as an instructional tool because it increases student engagement. Brady et al., (2010) studied the use of social network at North Carolina State University. Seventy percent agreed with the notion that SNS made communication skill possible between peers than a comparable face-to-face class. Nearly (82%) indicated that SNS help them communicate outside the class as we ll. Most users (74%) also agreed that SNS allows them to reflect and comments on other peoples work more effectively than a face-to-face class. In addition, Ajjan and Hartshorne, (2008), reported that Social network sites are viewed as useful tools to improve students satisfaction (32%) and also increased student-student interaction (56%). For instance, SNS enables scholars and teachers to remain current in their research areas, and also to explore recent approaches to teaching through networking with colleagues, interacting with different individuals, discussing their research/or work, and also expose their work or research interest to greater audiences. For example scholars use SNS such as blogs to support their scholarly endeavours. Researchers have identified that blogs are used; i) as a debate platform for scholars who seeks a live public intellectuals, (ii) for recording or sharing logs of pure research, (iii) as a type of tongue-in-cheek i.e water cooler to which analytical discussions of only scholarly experience can occur (Kirkup, 2010). Blog usage extends beyond research to include teaching endeavours (Deng and Yue n, 2011). Cho et al., 2007 reported that early Twitter users used Twitter for making instructional information and provide students with opportunities to communicate with professional communities outside the classroom. Future usage of social network In the past few years, social network sites have attracted the interest of researchers which examine the role this technology plays in higher education. Few of the work have showed the affective outcomes of social network site integration. Some of the studies examined learning outcomes and students achievement as related to the educational usage of social sites in college courses. King et al., (2009) described the recent development of an inter-professional team work in the healthcare field that shows how to integrate social networking. The researchers stated that in future integration of an educationally structured social network sites will facilitated growth toward the concept of effective communication which will overcome barrier of distance in learning. Some researchers have also reported that in future social network sites could foster scholarship that is social (Chong, 2010; Greenhow, 2009), conversational and open (Oblinger, 2010; Pearce et al., 2010). Social scholarship is the practice in which the use of social tools is an integral part of the research and publishing process that is characterised by openness, fast conversation, and collaboration, accessible, sharing, cheaper and transparent revision (Pearce et al., 2010). Social network sites which provide digital scholarship is more than just using information technologies and communication skill to research for materials; teach students and collaborate with other, but also to embrace the open values, ideologies and potentials of technologies essential for peer-to-peer networking and also a way of working in order to profit both the academic work and society at large. Picking up the mantle, Greenhow et al., (2009) suggested that todays student experienced different online identities due to new digital technologies at hand (for example; role playing sites, and virtual worlds). They opined that this new development presents a fundamental shift from the non-SNS to SNS and concluded that in future learners participation will be evidenced by inter-connections, content creation and participation attitudes in and out of the classroom. QUESTIONNAIRES A modified questionnaire instrument designed will be used in other to arrive at a general perception as regards to students opinion to the use social networks, behaviour to academic pursuit and social behaviour (Goodson et al., 2005; Pascarella et al., 2009). Considering the advantages of the quantitative approach, the researcher uses questionnaires to get many responses on the students behaviour towards the use social networks during classes and library sessions. There are 18 questions designed to elicit the participants opinion on the use of social network during classes and library sessions, social behaviour and time spent using social networks. Figure 1. Basic model of social behaviour and academic performance of students using social network (Adapted from Paul et al., 2012) The questionnaires measuring each of the following constructs; time spent on social network, predictors of behaviour, time management skills, academic competency, attention Span, student characteristics and academic performance were developed from literature and discussions with supervisor. For example, questions that best describe the factors which explain studentsonline networking behaviour were adopted from Cameron, (2010). Questionnaires that are related to factors such as academic competency, Information on GPA, time management skills, study strategies, student characteristics, etc. are adopted from Mizerski and Pettigrew, (2003); Sansqiry et al., (2004); Paul et al., (2012). The questionnaire adopted five point Likert scale of Strongly Agree, Agree, Undecided, Disagree, Strongly Disagree (Ary et al., 2000). The adaptation of this method is to provide correct and simple grammar in other to achieve the research objectives and also provide answers to the research questions. CATEGORIES OF SOCIAL NETWORK SITES There are many social network sites that exist today. The most popular sites such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, and LinkedIn are free registration. All that is required from the prospective users is to provide their profile picture. Social network sites have several categories which are available in the World Wide Web (WWW) (Brown, 2011). Social network categories are the class given to a large groups based on certain functions, features, forms and meaning. Each of the social network categories has their specific focus and functions but all have common characteristics. They have features such blogs, videos, records of members, journal and many more (Othman et al., 2011). Thelwall (2009), reported that social network tools have three main categories as regards to friendship connections, (Fig1.2). The first Category social network is for social communication among members. Facebook, MySpace, twitter, etc. have this feature. Category two, with LinkedIn as example aims at searching for new contacts. Category three is the social navigation network through which specific types of information or resources can be obtained. Figure 1.2 shows about 22 categories available in social network like discussion, education, and library. Most of the website falls into more than one category such as MySpace which can be categories into music and friendship category. Facebook Facebook was originally introduced in 2004 as an online Harvard social network site which allows students living on University residential halls or students from other faculties of the University to register as users and communicate with their fellow students (Zywicas and Danowski, 2008). In 2006, Facebook was made public for everybody (Urista et al., 2009); and in December 2006 it had over 12 million users and at the end of December 2009, the active users increased to 350 million (Hew, 2011). Today Facebook is the most populated social network site in the majority of the countries with more than 400 Million users. In March 2011, Europe had the highest number of Facebook users 234.6 million followed by 163.9 million in North America (Karpinski et al., 2012). Facebook is a social network site in which individuals or groups can share photographs, personal information, and communicate with friends (Hew, 2011). Facebook is also considered as the leading social network site used among college students. For example, Ellison et al., (2007) reported that in USA, 90% of the Undergraduate students Participate on Facebook. In British undergraduate students, Facebook has also become the most popular SNS used (Madge et al., 2009). Munoz and Towner, (2009) suggested that Facebook can have positive impact on college students life, and further stated that students can use Facebook to communicate with other students concerning their assignments, group work or project, or teachers communicating their students regarding useful information on a specific course links. On the other hand, researchers have shown concern in regards to possible negative impacts of Facebook usage among college students. For example, Kirschner and Karpinski, (2010) reported that students spending hours on Facebook may adversely affect their academic performance. Facebook profile can be classified into four main groups: i) control elements, ii) referents elements, iii) preference elements, iv) contact elements. Control elements are fields like the gender of the user, length/period of Facebook membership, and their institutional status. Referents elements include hometown, residence and high school which are based on profile fields or common points of contact among the users. Preference elements are simply based on expression of personal interest and self-descriptive information of the user. For example, About Me, my interests, my favourite Music, favourite movies, favourite TV-shows, favourite books, favourite quotes, and my political views. Contact elements are profile fields such as e-mail address, instant messenger screen name, and the relationship status (Cain, 2008; Lampe et al., 2007). Facebook users can also create groups and become a fan of a particular page of their interest organization such as football clubs, and celebrities thus allowing users with common goal to get together and support the organization or the celebrity. Facebook also serve as sources of entertainment because of the availability of games and other applications. Examples of such games and applications are Crazy Taxi, My Fairyland, and Facebook for iPhone (Hew, 2011). MYSPACE MySpace is one of the popular social networks sites in the world today. It was launched in California in 2003 to compete with other networks like Friendster and Xanga etc (Anderson, 2007). It grew rapidly by taking advantage of Friendsters mistake and failure. According to Anderson, (2007) Indie-rock bands that were expelled from Friendster because of profile problems; moved to MySpace network and began to attract users. There were several advertisements by most popular clubs in MySpace. It is believed that music was not only the key issue that attracted users of MySpace but rather there were symbiotic association between music bands and fans that helped to expand MySpace beyond expectation. MySpace is unique because it allows addition of features based on the users interest (Boyd, 2006). Boyd said that teenagers started using MySpace in 2004 to connect to their friends and not just for the reason that they belong to the bands. MySpace site achieved its highest growth rates with three different groups, namely, the musicians, teenagers and undergraduate students. Among SNS, MySpace gives greater self-expression than the popular Facebook and Twitter. It allows the users to customize their virtual space through an open format in which the designed elements, like text, video, music, graphics and photographs can be used to display their users online personality. With this feature users can create self-image that can be communicated to the mass audience. MySpace also gives the users more anonymity by providing the option of using a nickname. (Kane, 2008; Boyle and Johnson, 2010). Twitter Twitter is a free social network site and micro blogging service which enables the users to read and post short text-based message that is not more than 140 words, called tweets. Some people tweet with micro-blog platform, while others regard it as a social networking site (Bake, 2009). A Web service which allows people to post brief messages to other users of the same service is micro-blogging. It derived its feature from Instant Relay Chat (IRC) including instant messaging and handsets. According to Bake (2009), Twitter is one of the social network web-based applications that allow its users to build their own profile either publicly or semi-publicly. Twitter uses the exact basic features like find people profile and uploading pictures on profile etc. The traditional contacts in twitter are followers and following categories. Twitter does not belong to only SNSs socializing category but also to networking with navigation, (Thelwall, 2007). This network allows you to follow users (following) and also followed by other users (followers) without any authorization. Messages sent are automatically published on the front page of the users (timeline) (Torreente et al., 2012). Any user may reply or retweet any tweet, which can generate public debate and conversation. Links can also be added to the tweets in order to create additional information beyond the 140 words. Some key potentials of Twitter are that it is a window to the unlimited source of information and can be regarded multi-focal. It gives the opportunity to create lists of manage tweets by themes, authors and tags which helps users to manage the information and also easier to follow a particular topic. It is an ideal tool to disseminate information and to broadcast live events such as conferences, and any event worldwide. Twitter is fast and viral i.e. anyone can tweet and the spread of information can be unstoppable. One of the features of Twitter is the ability to include links which makes it easier to move from particular content to another (Torreente et al., 2012). Influence of social network on social behaviour of students Social behaviour is a kind of influence from specific group of people which may positively or negatively affec

Irish Violence and the Troubles Essay

In this essay I will examine the effect of silence during the ‘troubles’ on individual and national identities; with particular interest to Seamus Deane’s Reading in the Dark, Tim Pat Coogan states that the term â€Å"Irish Troubles† refers to a whole history of violence and colonialism that Ireland has endured, over the last thousand years. ‘To the physical force school of Irish nationalism the Norman coming is generally regarded as the starting point for ‘eight hundred years of British oppression’’ (Coogan, 1996, p. 43). In addition to this, he explains that the term ‘troubles’, is now directed to the modern, twentieth century troubles. They mainly occurred during 1960 to 1998. The reason for the violence and resentment in Northern Ireland is due to the divisions between the nationalists (Roman Catholics) and the unionists (Protestants). The nationalists identify Northern Ireland as part of Ireland, not a separate country, and not another colony of the United Kingdom; whereas the unionists have great allegiance to Britain and regard their position as part of the UK with pride (Coogan, 1996, p. 1). But the Irish agony had been building up slowly also, rooted in complex factors, one of which geography, pre-dates the dawn of history: others involve the outworkings of two forms of colonialism, those of Mother Church and Mother England (Coogan, 1996, p. 1). Discrimination also factored into the tension between the two groups. The unionists rule over Northern Ireland affected most Catholic lives negatively, as they were a minority; they were discriminated in areas of employment, housing and education. Internment or also known as Operation Demetrius is one key issue that contributed to the beginning of the ‘troubles’ (Coogan, 1996. 30). This was introduced by the British Army and the Royal Ulster Constabulary; it involved arresting anyone who was accused of being against the professional military force immediately, without trial. These aspects stirred resentment from the nationalists and inconsequence caused violent rebellion (Coogan, 1996, p. 145). Thus, the violence that was carried out during the ‘troubles’, was chiefly by the IRA (Irish Republic Army), the Ulster Volunteer Force, the British Army and The Royal Ulster Constabulary (Coogan, 1996, p. 18). The aggression of the ‘troubles’ constructed Northern Ireland to be a place of great instability and tension. In his book The Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon comments on the state of the colonised mind. Fanon was a psychiatrist and a theorist of post-colonialism. His work essentially centred on the developing countries, particularly Algeria. In order to break away from colonisation, Fanon advocates violence to the colonised and he is renowned for this factor (Fanon, 1967, pp. 10-11). His main concern is his patients, who are mentally ill. In his final chapter â€Å"Colonial War and Mental Disorders†, he explains that his patients suffer not merely by war but also from a colonial circumstance (Fanon, 1967, p. 235). But the doctors described it by portraying as a congenital stigma of the native, an ‘original’ part of his nervous system where, it was stated, it was possible to find the proof of a predominance of the extra-pyramidal system in the native. This contracture is in fact simply the postural accompaniment to the native’s reticence, the expression in muscular form of his rigidity and his refusal with regard to colonial authority (Fanon, 1967, p. 35). It is this colonial circumstance that inevitably yields the ‘native’ into a nervous, mental state. Fanon pays close attention to language and asserts that language is taken away from the colonised subject (Fanon, 1967, p. 194). The language of colonising involves removing the ‘native’s’ language and speech. Consequently, the colonised is silenced, and this is an oppressive act. ‘Silence’ is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as an ‘absence of sound’ and ‘speech’; it can be an evasion of discussing something in particular, or it can be something that is forced upon (Soanes and Stevenson, 2008, p. 1342). Sara Maitland, author of A Book of Silence, attempts to understand silence and claims that the OED’s definition is far too indistinct (Maitland, 2008, p. 25). She explores the essence of it in several ways; her own life, history, religion, literature and travel. It is apparent from this book that ‘silence’ is an ambiguous phenomenon that consists of both positive and negative dimensions. Silence is abstract and transforms itself; it can be relative or a complete absence. Maitland observes that it is generally recognised negatively, her friend writes in a letter that, ‘silence is the place of death, of nothingness’ (Maitland, 2008, p. 8). She justifies that silence is only negative when it obstructs. Maitland describes the three forms of ‘interferences’; a subject’s tongue is cut out then they are silenced; if someone is imprisoned, they are silenced, since any noise they make will not be heard; if speech is construed as ‘worthless’ and ‘meaningless’, then it is silenced (Maitland, 2008, p. 29). This is very effective and useful for your average oppressor: calling someone ‘mad’, for example, means they can say what they like but no one will hear – this was the sort of silencing the Soviet Union went in for (Maitland, 2008, p. 9). This form of silence interrupts speech and creates a barrier that subjugates the potential speaker. It is oppressive and in effect it becomes a metaphorical prison. Seamus Deane’s novel Reading in the Dark was published in1996, two years before the end of the ‘troubles’. The novel is a bildungsroman, as it reports the protagonists’ growth from child to an adult, so the reader witnesses the protagonist’s youthful innocence transform with experience, as he comes of age. The narrator is an Irish Catholic boy who is growing up in Northern Ireland, Derry. It is constructed of smaller stories that are dated from 1945 up to 1971, where the protagonist matures into an adult. These stories are fragments of memories, conversations, myths and events that happened in the area. They contribute in narrating the protagonist’s growth from a young child to an adult. Thus with backdrop of the violent ‘troubles’, the narrator develops his understanding of who he is, by unearthing a profound family secret (Deane, 1996). Deane complicates the whole novel by playing with ‘silence’. The style of narration is one of the key methods that he employs to do this. Before the narration begins, the title ‘Reading in the Dark’ indicates towards a narrative of silence and so to a narrative that will be indecipherable. As mentioned before, this novel is a bildungsroman, a story of self-discovery and identity. Ensuing this, to read is to understand, and so the protagonist will understand and discover himself by ‘reading’. However, ‘reading in the dark’ is a paradox, as it is impossible and in result self-discovery is silenced. The opposite of dark is light, and light is generally associated with illumination and knowledge (Farquharson, 1999, p. 101). Whereas, darkness contains an absence, so it becomes the visual equivalent to silence. Deane implies through this understanding of the title that the unfolding of the narrative will be an intricate and complicated process. This displays that the colonial landscape of Northern Ireland and the ‘troubles’ create identity as problematic. Pre-eminent among them are the disfiguring effects of both colonialism and postcolonial nationalism alluded to above, the crisis of self-representation produced by colonialist discourse, and the dynamics of power and resistance, history and memory, language and identity within colonial relations. Read from postcolonial perspective, the novel could be described as an exploration of the problematic process of identity formation in a colonialist context (Harte, 2000, p. 152). As a result, Deane deliberately confirms through his title that self-discovery and understanding of identity is furthermore complex in a colonised state (Fanon, 1967, p. 182). In consequence, darkness obstructs light and silence obstructs articulation. Therefore, silence hinders the narration.